It took me a while to understand it, but with maturity, I finally did. Training consists of two separate and different elements: Work and recovery. They are equally important, and they complement each other. Their symbiosis confirms the Aristotelian saying that the whole is more than the sum of the parts.
Recently, I heard that the second element is labeled as The Invisible Training.
It got me thinking about a classic Emil Zatopek quote where he states: âWhat you do when the stadium is full is important, but what you do when the stadium is empty is a thousand times more important.â
For us amateur weekend warriors, a standing ovation at an Olympic stadium is no more than a pleasant dream. Yet, well into the XXI Century, each one of us has the equivalent of our own Olympic stadium, and we have become addicted to that standing ovation of kudos Strava, followers on Facebook, and likes on Instagram. These may be cool for many, but they wonât get you any better.
As Zatopek (a 4-time Olympic gold medalist and multi-world record breaker) said, that is not the key to success. It is what we do outside the limelight that counts. A thousand times more.
âș It is the strength training that will help you get stronger, more resilient, have a better form, and make you injury resistant.
âș it is the physical therapy you do to take care of your bones, muscles, and soft tissues. Not just face-to-face with a professional, but as a prehab to avoid a recurring injury.
âș It is your daily nutrition that allows your body enough of the good stuff to repair itself and be appropriately fueled for your activity.
âș It is the hydration throughout the day that will allow you to sustain a hard run even in the harshest of weather conditions.
âș It is the scheduled recovery for your body to adapt to the stress we have put it through and accepting that sometimes it will require more time.
âș It is understanding that sleep is the champion of recovery tools in your arsenal and that lack of sleep is not a badge of honor.
âș It is accumulating knowledge about the sport and the function of your body, which will allow you to understand whatâs happening and why.
âș It is the evaluation of your training, especially when you have bonked or screwed up, and accepting it as an opportunity to learn and build experience.
âș It is living a balanced life, one where your job, your family, and your friends wonât be neglected, and end up resenting you and your running.
âș It is allowing yourself to have fun outside your running life. Keeping it all in perspective and always remembering why you are doing this.
These are just ten of hundreds of parameters of what is encompassed within the realm of invisible training.
In summary, everything you do while you are not running is equally essential to the running time.
Yes, it all sounds intuitive, simple, even obvious. But weâve all fallen into the trap of only accepting hard work as worthwhile training. And to many, an injury has taught us how wrong we were. My wish is that this brief writing will help avoid the injury part for you, dear reader.
Share your thoughts in the box below so other runners may benefit from your experience.
No sugar coating it: Running in the heat and humidity of the summer sucks. It does. However, if we want to remain active during these challenging summer months of running and have any chance of having a solid racing season come fall, we must continue training. And to make hot weather running enjoyable and safe, the only way is by making substantial adjustments.
I’ve shared summer running tips every year since I began blogging, but this time I decided to do something different. I have gone through my previous writings on the issue and consolidated the tips. These, plus a handful of new ones I’ve added, bring the final count of summer running tips to 39.
To be clear, nobody expects you to apply all 39 of these hot weather running tips on every run. These are just guidelines and suggestions with very short explanations to get your thoughts started. I have included links to posts where I have explored the issues in more depth. And if you’re looking for more background or science behind these summer running safety tips, a quick Google search will point you in the right direction.
So, without further ado, here they are:
1 – Listen to your body â If you feel dizzy, nauseated, or overheated, don’t hesitate to stop, cut the run short, seek shade, ask for help, or just call it a day.
2 – Recognize heat stroke symptoms â Know the difference between exhaustion and heat stroke and familiarize yourself with warning signs like confusion, rapid pulse, or clammy skin.
3 – Hydrate all day â Hydration should be a 24/7 habit that keeps you close to fully hydrated by the time you start your GPS watch.
4 –Don’t overhydrateâ Overindulging in water or sports drinks can cause hyponatremia, a condition in which diluted sodium levels may lead to seizures, coma, or worse.
5 – Use electrolytesâ Supplementing with sodium, potassium, and magnesium helps your body retain and use the fluids you’re drinking more effectively.
6 – Run early or late â Run before sunrise or after sunset to avoid the most extreme heat and protect your body from overexertion.
7 – Monitor the heat indexâ Skip your outdoor workout if it’s over 98°F with more than 70â80% humidity, as your risk of overheating skyrockets.
8 – Slow down your pace â Running in the heat is harder, so let go of your pace goals and focus on effort instead of speed.
9 – Accept higher perceived effort â A rise in core temperature, not lactate or heart rate, becomes the main fatigue limiter in hot conditions.
10 – Use effort and time, not pace â In summer, pace and heart rate can be unreliable, so go by effort and run by minutes instead of distance.
11 – Recognize the signs of dehydration â Watch for fatigue, brain fog, darker urine, dizziness, or a dry mouthâthese may all signal fluid imbalance.
12 – Prehydrate before long runs â Do not cram your hydration; it doesn’t work that way. Hydrate throughout the day and days, not just before your run.
13 – Rehydrate after running â After a sweaty session, replace fluids with water or an electrolyte drink. Not only as soon as you’re done but throughout the day.
14 – Dress light and bright â Light-colored, loose, and moisture-wicking clothing helps reflect sunlight and allow sweat to evaporate more easily.
15 – Train in the shade â Routes with trees or buildings that block direct sun can be 10â15°F cooler and far more comfortable, and safer.
16 – Freeze your gear â Put your shirt and hat in the freezer before a run to delay overheating and make the first few miles more tolerable.
17 – Take short breaks â Stop for 1â3 minutes during a hot run to drink, throw water on your head, or reset your effort perception.
18 – Use water for recovery â Jumping into a pool, cold bath, or even running through sprinklers post-run can drop your core temp and revive you.
19 â Know where the water is â If you don’t know where the reliable water sources are, run with a handheld bottle or hydration pack.
20 – Run indoors if needed â If conditions are extreme, choose a treadmill or indoor track to get your miles without the heat risk.
21 – Build heat tolerance gradually â It takes a few weeks to acclimate, so ease into hot-weather running instead of diving into hard efforts.
22 â Move workouts around when necessary â Move long or intense workouts to cooler days and use weather apps to plan smarter each week.
23 – Use a heart rate monitor â Heat elevates heart rate, so monitor it to avoid overexertion while running.
24 – Expect it to suck â The first few weeks of heat running will feel awful, but your body will adjust and it will suck less. Proceed with caution.
25 â Adjust your training plan â In very hot climates, push harder workouts like long tempos to the fall and focus on base-building instead.
26 – Exploit cooler days â When temperatures drop, use the opportunity for a strong tempo or threshold session to boost confidence.
27 – Don’t obsess over metrics â During summer training, forget about pace, Strava comparisons, or even distanceâsurvival and consistency are the priority.
28 – Take advantage of trails â Shaded trails provide natural cooling, softer surfaces, and often more enjoyable running when it’s hot out.
29 – Eat hydrating foods â Boost your fluid intake by eating fruits and veggies like watermelon, cucumber, and oranges, which are 80â90% water.
30 – Beware of diuretics â Limit high doses of caffeine or alcohol around runs, as they increase urination and risk of dehydration.
Learn how to gauge your level of exhaustion (Photo: Tima Miroshnichenko, Pexels)
31 – Set hydration reminders â Pair water intake with daily habits like brushing your teeth, meals, or use phone alerts to stay on track.
32 – Sip, don’t guzzle â Drink water steadily throughout the day and during your run to avoid bloating and improve absorption.
33 â Internalize year-round hydration strategies â Treat hydration like a year-round discipline, not just something to focus on when it’s hot.
34 – Know your sweat rate â If you’re a heavy sweater, you may need more fluids and sodium than the average runner.
35 – Pair hydration with daily habits â Combine drinking water with routines like meals, workouts, or bedtime to form easy-to-remember habits.
36 – Double instead of going long â On non-long run days, two shorter sessions may be safer than a longer push under the brutal heat. Consider it if needed.
37 – Use treadmill for quality work â Use a treadmill to maintain pace accuracy or intensity when outdoor heat makes it unsafe.
38 – Keep someone informed â Always tell a friend or loved one your planned route and expected return time, or use live tracking apps.
39 – Know the line between tough and dumb â Being smart and cautious during summer training keeps you healthy and able to run tomorrow.
Did I miss anything, or would you like to contribute to the list? Please do so in the comment box below.
As summer temperatures rise across the Northern Hemisphere, runners in warmer regions like South Florida already feel the heat. You donât have to wait for June 21st. In many places, summer conditions arrive much earlier. Now is the perfect time to revisit how heat and humidity affect running performance so you may adjust your training and remain strong, safe, and consistent in hot weather.
Running in the heat requires adjustments and patience (Image by ChatGPT)
In previous years, I have written about tips for summer running and guidelines to run in extreme heat. You can click the links in this paragraph to read those posts, which I highly recommend. This year, I am writing about a different aspect of this subject. While intuition tells us heat and humidity affect our running, this year, I want to dig a bit deeper into it.
I recently read about a study measuring the effects of those two elements on marathon performances. My goal today is not to show you how an 80Âș temperature or 70% humidity will adversely affect your marathon time. What I want to do is project what these difficult weather conditions affecting a marathon mean for you, training every day in the heat.
Letâs start with one of the studyâs most interesting takeaways: runners donât slow down simply because their core temperature gets too high. They slow down before that happens. In other words, heat doesnât just tax your body; it messes with your brain. The rate of perceived effort rises early, and that alone is enough to force a drop in pace. You feel like youâre overdoing it, even though your physiology is within range. This is not just psychological, itâs your body protecting itself. When the humidity is high, the fatigue effect compounds.
According to John Davisâ analysis of nearly 4,000 marathon performances across 754 races, the optimal temperature range for top performances is narrow: 35â55°F (2â13°C). Performance peaks around 48°F (9°C). As conditions warm beyond 65°F (18°C), things deteriorate, and they do so fast, especially when humidity becomes part of the equation. A heat index of 80°F (air temp and humidity combined) can slow your marathon pace by roughly 3%, and it only worsens.
In extreme cases, like 75°F and steamy, youâre looking at 6â8% slower marathon times. Thatâs 10â15+ minutes lost for someone aiming for 3:00, 14-19+ if you aim for 4:00, and 18-24 if you are shooting for 5:00.
But hereâs where it applies to your day-to-day running: that slowdown isnât just for race day. You need to adjust mentally and physically if youâre doing tempo runs, long runs, or any effort-based session in hot, humid conditions. Your body is under extra fatigue. Itâs not about being weak, itâs about heat load. Think of it as carrying an invisible weight that gets heavier the longer you carry it. You donât need a calculator to tell you this. If it feels harder, it is harder.
Humidity alone is not a significant issue until the temperature crosses 65°F (18°C). After that, humidity and heat multiply their effects. So, if youâre in a place like South Florida, where hot and humid is the baseline from May through September, your training isnât just slower, itâs under constant stress. Knowing and accepting it allows you to reframe your expectations, adjust your pace, and be kind to yourself when the stats on your watch donât match your effort.
Running in the heat
Davis recommends using the heat index rather than raw air temperature to judge effort. The âfeels likeâ measure is a more useful parameter. If youâre training in an 80°F heat index, expect that same 3% drop-off, even on a regular weekday run. The longer the effort, the more critical it becomes to respect this adjustment. And this doesnât just apply to marathoners. For any longer sustained effort, these principles apply.
Heat adaptation, hydration, and fitness all play a role in adjusting to the reality of the new weather. If youâve been out there, you know the stress is real, and if youâre not changing for it, youâre not training smart. Use this validated science to listen to what your bodyâs been trying to tell you. The heat isnât just uncomfortable; itâs performance-changing. If you ignore it, it can become dangerous and even life-threatening.
Share your experiences running in the heat in the box below, so other runners can benefit from them.
In a WhatsApp running group, one of our friends recently shared an article from Menâs Journal Magazine praising the benefits of training in a fasted state. The sub-title alone was promising: The Science-Backed Benefits of Running on Empty, by Spenser Mestel.
I opened it as I thought of how pseudo-science has affected even the most mundane, easy runs lately. Most come from unqualified social media influencers or studies commissioned by companies that will benefit from their results. Dr. Tim Noakes is famous for questioning Gatoradeâs science-based recommendations about the benefits of consuming Gatorade. And like that, examples are plenty.
Running on empty has its scientifically proven benefits (Image by ChatGPT)
We tend to forget that humans have been running for thousands of years. Hunted gatherers did so for hours while chasing an animal until it collapsed. Yet, they were able to pick it up and take it home to feed their families. They didnât carry water packs to replenish every drop of sweat. They didnât carry chews or gels to replace every calorie they burned.
Sure, we have evolved in those thousands of years. The bushmen of the Kalahari were not used to spending their day under air conditioning, sitting in front of a computer, or wearing shoes before they went hunting. But we havenât entered devolution either. Our bodies were built to withstand a certain level of dehydration and caloric deficit.
I want to leave no room for doubt that I am not advocating against electrolyte replenishment, chews, gels, or any other product. God knows I could not have finished my last few marathons without the help of Maurten gels. What I am advocating against is their overuse, to the point where our bodies become unable to learn how to use their own resources.
Running on an empty stomach is not a fad passed around by social media influencers. Based on the article in question and the study on which it was grounded, it is a well-rounded premise that âfasted cardioâ and âlow-glycogenâ training are similar but distinct practices that can offer real metabolic advantages if done right.
While skipping breakfast can be beneficial, you don’t have to do it for every run (Photo Pexels)
Mestel brings in Professor Richard J. Bloomer, Dean of the College of Health Sciences at the University of Memphis, to clarify the lingo. According to him, a âfasted stateâ can simply mean not eating for 10â12 hours, like overnight. But low-glycogen training goes further. It implies depleting your muscle glycogen stores, typically by limiting carbs over a longer period. Both approaches can shift your bodyâs fuel source away from sugar and toward fat, especially during lower-intensity sessions.
According to the study, these are some of the benefits:
Fat Adaptation: By skipping that pre-run snack or breakfast, your body is nudged into burning fat for fuel. Studies cited in the article showed that both men and women increased fat oxidation after exercising in a fasted state. Simply put, youâre teaching your body to tap into a steadier, more abundant fuel source.
Less Stomach Drama: Fasted runs can reduce gastric discomfort for those with fussy guts. No food means nothing sloshing around in there. Itâs a win for morning runners whoâd rather not eat at 5:00 AM just to avoid bonking at 6:00.
Convenience: This one isnât science; itâs life. Rolling out of bed, lacing up, and getting it done before breakfast is just easier sometimes.
The science goes even deeper. In a 2010 study from the Journal of Applied Physiology, Beneficial Metabolic Adaptations Due to Endurance Exercise Training in the Fasted State by Van Proeyen et al., this wasnât anecdotal evidence; it was a tightly controlled experiment. Two groups trained identically on bikes for six weeks. One ate carbs before and during workouts; the other trained fasted.
The result? While both groups got fitter, the fasted group showed superior metabolic adaptations. Their muscles improved at burning fat, their ability to use stored fat (even deep in the muscle) improved, and they kept blood sugar stable over long workouts. The carb-fed group? They didnât show those perks.
Conclusion
It is not about skipping breakfast forever or starting every workout on an empty stomach. But if you mix in a couple of easy runs each week without eating beforehand, especially when effort is low and stakes are even lower, your body might thank you. Youâll become more metabolically flexible, able to use fat when needed and carbs when it matters most.
Donât go overboard. Itâs about teaching your body to adapt so it can rise to the occasion, whether chasing a PR or just running for joy.
Curious to try it? Leave a comment and let me know your experience. And donât forget to subscribe to the Foultips.Run newsletter by clicking the button below.
In the last post, we discussed the importance of building a strong aerobic base, one on which everything else can solidly rest. That post sparked valuable feedback. Many readers asked, “So, what comes after the boring stuff?”
Now that the foundation is in place, we build on it to get stronger and faster. Opposed to “the boring stuff” is what we Iâve heard called as “The Sexy Stuff”.
Speed over long periods/distances cannot stand alone. Adding speed work doesn’t mean abandoning the easy miles. It means balancing them with strategic sessions designed to improve strength, efficiency, pacing, and recovery.
Speed work isn’t a shortcut; it’s a complement. When done correctly and in harmony with your base mileage, it helps you become the strongest, smartest, and most resilient version of your running self.
Now that we have a base, it is time to work on speed (Image by CoPilot)
There are many types of speed workouts, each one with its own merits to help you run faster, with purpose, and without risking injury. The key is understanding that speed development isn’t about hammering every run to exhaustion. It’s about running with intention. Your easy runs remain the backbone of your training. But now, we are layering specific efforts designed for growth. To get faster, you need to run faster, but only when the time is right.
Examples of “sexy stuff” are the following:
1. Interval Training – Alternate fast running with recovery periods. They challenge your body to hold higher intensities and then bounce back. An example is short bursts of 200 or 400 meters at strong effort, followed by slow jogging. It’s tough but builds both strength and endurance quickly.
2. Fartlek – Fartlek means mixing in bursts of speed during a steady run. There’s no set structure. Just pick a landmark and push the pace, then ease up. It’s a fun, flexible way to teach your body how to change gears mid-run.
3. Tempo Runs – This is your chance to run at a challenging, steady pace that builds endurance and raises your limits. You should feel strong but unable to talk easily. These runs help you sustain faster efforts over longer distances without crashing.
4. Progressions – They are all about finishing fast. Start your run at a relaxed pace, then pick it up gradually. The goal is to finish the last stretch of the run feeling strong and in control, without gasping for air.
5. Hill Running – Short hill sprints build explosive power in your legs, improve form, and speed up your heart rate. They’re good for runners who want to boost their cadence and efficiency. Hills are strength work in disguise.
Other workouts such as Vo2Max, lactate threshold, double threshold etc., require a deeper knowledge of the science and physiology behind them before being tackled. Focus on what you know and understand, not on what the elite Kenyans are doing.
Cross-training is key to remaining healthy while running, especially as you age (Photo Pexels)
But that’s not all there is. To get faster and remain injury-free, you must do work beyond running. Some examples are:
6. Strength Training – Incorporating 2â3 strength sessions per week will make you stronger and, thus, faster. Full-body and compound movements will help with running economy and injury prevention. Think of squats, lunges, deadlifts, and core work.
7. Cross-training â Non-running activities like cycling, swimming, or yoga improve fitness, build strength, and reduce injury risk by working different muscles without the repetitiveness of movement and pounding of running.
8. Plyometrics – These exercises involve jumping and explosive movement to help improve your power and coordination. A few well-timed sets of bounding, hops, or box jumps before your run can sharpen your stride and reduce contact time with the ground.
9. Prioritizing Recovery –Your body needs time to adapt. Without quality recovery, your speed won’t stick, and you’re more likely to burn out or get injured. Sleep well, eat right, foam roll, and stretch as necessary. Gains don’t happen during training, they happen during recovery, where your body adapts and grows stronger.
10. Mental Strategies – Running fast requires mental fortitude. Breaking a tough run into small segments, repeating a mantra, visualizing success or adjusting your thought process may be just as important as the way you train.
Speed work is the exciting part of training, but it only works when done right and is well supported by your solid base. Both elements must work in harmony, complementing each other rather than competing between them. As you start integrating faster sessions into your week, keep your easy runs sacred, your recovery intentional, and your mindset focused on progress, not perfection. When done right, it is this balance what will make you a faster, stronger, and more injury-resistant runner.
Talking about our great workouts and spectacular results is a favorite topic of runners’ conversation. “Johnny’s mile repeats are spot on for a 5K PR!”, “Jimmy is crushing his track workouts.”, “Helen swears by her Fartlek sessions.” So, why am I not doing any of this stuff? Why does my coach have me doing boring stuff?
If you are training for long-distance running, your base is the key. The aerobic base, that is. A skyscraper stands on a solid footing for the same reason the pyramids have stood on their wide bases for 4500 years. They both have a solid foundation to bear the load. The same principle applies to a long-distance runner. Your aerobic base is the foundation of your running. It’s what every training block builds upon, and what ultimately supports your ability to perform. What good comes from running 400 meters in 62 seconds if that is all you can hold, but you are racing a 5K?
To understand the importance of an aerobic base for a long-distance runner, know that even the fittest and fastest Kenyan elite runner runs a marathon 99% aerobically. Even Olympic 5000-meter champions require about a 90% aerobic effort to compete at that level. You’ll likely never be there, but this doesn’t preclude you from the reality of human physiology.
In his “Guide to Coaching”, Coach Steve Magness states: “We have a temptation to want to skip to the ‘cool, sexy’ stuff. It’s boring to do endless easy runs or to spend hours working on the starting position in the sprints. But the ‘boring’ work serves as our foundation. We need a firm understanding of the basics before we move on to the next step. And once we have moved on, we must continually go back to the basics to ensure that they are ingrained.”
Is this clear enough?
The Boring Stuff
It is counterintuitive to accept that you must run slow so you can run fast. Yet this is one of those things you must accept, trust the science, and move forward with if you aspire to become a successful long-distance runner.
The slow (boring) stuff is the key to becoming a strong runner (ChatGPT Image)
Training at slower paces is the foundation of endurance because, among other things, it enhances mitochondrial density (improving oxygen delivery to the muscles), enhances capillary development, and increases fat utilization as fuel, which will make you a more efficient athlete. Low-intensity training also stimulates aerobic enzymes without overstressing the body, allowing more consistent training and better recovery. Over time, these physiological improvements will enable you to maintain faster paces with less effort.
Structured properly within your training, slow runs support speed, stamina and contribute to a better race-day performance. And this takes time. It doesn’t happen by running slow for a week or a month. If you trust the process and keep a written record of your workouts, before you know it, you will be running longer, easier and faster with the same effort. What once was your pushing pace, will now be your warmup pace.
The Sexy Stuff
Now that you have a strong base, we build on it.
Do you want to enjoy the runner’s highs? Build a base (Photo Pexels)
I often compare runners with F1 engines. They can do amazing things, but they require a lot of work, constant modifications and adjustments. The engine is the base, which is solid, but it can’t perform at the expected level without testing, tweaking and failures.
Short intervals, long intervals, Fartlek, mile-repeats, track, threshold, VO2Max, progressions, and so many more are part of the arsenal of workouts you have at your disposal to become a faster runner. These workouts will leave you pleasantly exhausted, provide you with that exhilarating feeling we have learned to love, and get you to enjoy the sweets of a runner’s high.
But be warned. These should be just a fraction of your workouts. You shouldn’t do them day after day after day just because you built a solid base. Maintaining and solidifying the base is a lifetime pursuit. The base of the Eiffel Tower has been constantly maintained since 1889, and thus, still stands strong.
Speed work is essential to becoming a faster runner, but easy recovery runs in between hard workouts and the ubiquitous long run should not be skipped. It should all be in balance.
So, next time your coach asks you to slow down, be patient, or play the long game, understand he/she is not doing so because he/she is mean. There are proven scientific and physiological reasons behind it. So, embrace the boring stuff and become a better, faster runner.
Can you share your slow running experience in the comment box below?
