By Coach Adolfo Salgueiro

We’ve heard about the pee test to figure out how well hydrated we are or not. If the pee it is clear, or pale yellow, then you are hydrated and ready to run; if it is yellow or darker, then you are dehydrated. Sure, this is a quick, easy and free test, but it does have some limits.

The need for sodium for us, long-distance runners, goes beyond the recommended guidelines

According to Andy Blow, a British Sports Scientist, the pee test is a good tool to gauge the general state of your hydration, but it is not the end-all word on the issue. “The time to look at your pee is when you wake up in the morning—Says Blow, who served as hydration specialist for two Formula 1 teams—because the color of the urine you first produce is a good indication if you are hydrated or not that day. By then, your body had all night to recalibrate itself, move fluids around and get into equilibrium. If you wake up and you feel a little bit thirsty, it is a good indication you are dehydrated.”

The problem of looking at your pee during the day is that you eat, you drink, you do things and the results become skewed. If you had a bottle of water, or two; if you drank a coffee, or two; or a sports drink, your body may be discarding a lot of the fluid it took in, which doesn’t mean you are fully hydrated. Even if your urine is clear as water.

Remember that dehydration doesn’t get solved chugging a gallon of water. If you are in a dehydration state, it may take your body 24-48 hours to recover. You can gulp all the Gatorade you want, yet this will not restore you. The body can’t absorb it all and most of that excess water will be peed out.

Dehydration doesn’t get solved by chugging a gallon of water (or five)

In a recent interview I heard, Mr. Blow explained that we see with a lot of overhydrated athletes at the starting line of races. They take a lot of water before starting and that has nothing to do with their state of hydration. A recent study showed that a significant percentage of athletes are in an early state of hyponatremia when they start long races on hot days, most likely because they prepare by drinking a lot of water to confront the weather conditions. They end up peeing the excess water, and valuable sodium with it, which eventually leads to trouble.

The best way to address this, according to Blow, is to ingest a much smaller amount of a high-sodium drink. This sodium will make it into the bloodstream and will hold water there as a reservoir so that you have something extra when you start. “This is a lot better than drinking loads and loads of water”, he affirms.

Sprinkling salt in a glass of water will do the trick. The right amount is about 1.5 grams of salt per liter of water consumed. But since it is hard to drink “ocean water”, Andy Blow recommends sodium citrate, which is more palatable. Sodium citrate can be purchased at a nutrition store or via internet. This is about three times stronger that any commercial sports drink.

Understand that a higher consumption of sodium is important for athletes that train a lot AND sweat a lot, like us as long-distance runners. Consuming all this sodium for sedentary people is not recommended. Our salt requirements can be up to three or four times more than those of sedentary people. That is why we crave salty stuff, such a pretzels or potato chips, after a hard training session.

Also, understand that you don’t need to replace 100% of what you are losing. You are supposed to sweat and lose electrolytes. Nothing wrong with that.  You need to find the sweet spot between what you are losing and going hyponatremic; and from there, test what works better for you. Then, go check your morning pee.