When it comes to running, cadence is one of those parameters everyone can relate to, as the concept is straightforward. Yet, upon deeper inspection, most people have no idea what to do with it. It’s a bit like BMI (body mass index): Okay, it’s 29.6. Great! Now what?
Cadence is not a one-size-fits-all parameter (Image by Chat GPT)
The right running cadence can help reduce fatigue, become a more efficient runner, avoid injuries such as shin splints, and thus allow you to run longer. And while higher cadence can be beneficial, it is not the secret sauce that is missing from your training. And, if you donât know what youâre doing, cutting your stride indiscriminately is not without its consequences.
Cadence is a simple, straightforward concept: the number of steps you take per minute. Each step starts when one leg touches the ground and ends when the other does. It measures both sides, and most running watches quantify it as a standard function. While most everyday runnersâ cadence is around 160-170ish, it is usually higher for elite and track athletes. Thereâs even a myth about the âmagic 180 cadence.â
The idea that all runners should aim for 180 steps per minute for maximum efficiency is traced back to observations by exercise physiologist and coach Jack Daniels during the 1984 Olympics. Daniels counted the cadence of elite distance runners and found that most were running at about 180 steps per minute, or slightly higher. His observation was descriptive, not a universal prescription. However, as the finding spread through coaching circles, books such as Daniels’ Running Formula, and running watches that track cadence, the nuance was lost. What began as an observation of elite runners gradually became gospel among many recreational runners.
The problem with 180 is that only a tiny fraction of runners will ever become Olympians. So, while 180 is indeed a great cadence, it depends on factors such as height, weight, leg length, structural issues, and now even shoes. The runner pushing a sub-3 marathon, wearing carbon-plated shoes, has different mechanical requirements than one aiming for his first sub-30 5K. You canât expect both to run at a 180 turnover.
If you take away one thing from this post, may it be getting rid of that 180 myth. While it is a great cadence, it is not a magic pill that will have you winning marathons next year. Past and present elite distance runners have succeeded without 180. Meb Keflezighi, Galen Rupp, and Frank Shorter won Olympic marathon medals and were all most efficient in the low 170s. Bill Rodgers won four Bostons and four New Yorks between 160 and 170. Paula Radcliffe set the marathon world record, also around 170.
Cadence is not a magic pill to solve all your running problems and have you set world records (Image by Grok)
Varying your cadence must have a clear intention; it is not just upping the number for the sake of more-is-better. Changing your mechanics without a purpose is a recipe for injury.
Bryan Heiderscheit, PhD, Director of the Runnersâ Clinic at the University of Wisconsin Sports Medicine Center, explains: âResearch shows that when runners increase their turnover, they reduce the impact on their knees and hips and often improve their stride mechanics. Increasing turnover will help the chances of your foot landing closer to or underneath your pelvis, reducing overstriding tendencies, and increasing your lower extremity stiffness with less bounce and braking in your steps.â
That said, reducing your stride to increase your cadence while still overstriding wonât help you at all. Quite the contrary. You will be overstriding more often, speeding up your breaking point, and thus increasing your risk of injury.
“If you’re going to increase your step rate, also try to land with your foot closer under your hips,” Heiderscheit says. “You don’t want to keep reaching in front of yourself.” Jonathan Beverly compliments the idea by stating: âMy experience as a runner and coach confirms this: A faster cadence comes, in fact, as you learn to run tall, land closer, and push back-all part of the same process.â
In conclusion: Even though cadence is a simple concept, and the benefits of adjusting it are real, not every runner needs to do it, and not every leg malady gets solved by it. Assessing it and making a few adjustments is a good place to start, but if the issues donât subside quickly, you may want to check with a physical therapist before continuing to adjust your cadence indiscriminately. You donât want to end up with a stride that is too short for your frame, which will result not only in discomfort but in injury.
There are plenty of exercises and techniques to work properly on your cadence, but they are beyond the scope of this post. But beware: When researching online, make sure the author’s background and credentials are legitimate. Donât just do what the flavor-of-the-month influencer recommends. They may know what theyâre talking about, sure, but they may not.
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As marathon training season arrives, you may be gearing up for the autumn Marathon Majors. Or perhaps youâve chosen a less hyped, but equally fulfilling, 26.2. So, I invite you to reflect: why do you subject yourself to this funâyet masochisticâactivity? For 99% of the worldâs population, itâs the equivalent of self-flagellation.
Running a marathon is way more than an Instagram post with a medal and a goofy smile (Image by Grok)
Some run a marathon to challenge their limits. Others just for bragging rights. Some want to fulfill a personal journey: 6-Star, 50 States, or something only you know. Regardless of your reason, it wonât define your legacy, affect your paycheck, or change the respect of your loved ones. Keep it in perspective. Enjoy the process. Suffer through with a smile. Embrace the suck.
Enjoying the process so you avoid burnout is the key to any successful marathon training cycle. Sure, it will be hard, and at some point, you will suffer. Absolutely, you will have to sacrifice certain events because you must train the next day. It is a given that something will eventually hurt. And somewhere during the process, you will question your sanity. But it wonât be a fulfilling process if you burn out. If you do, it will be miserable. Not worth pursuing and easily abandoned. So, let’s avoid that. Hereâs how?
Remember why you started âș This is a personal journey, whether it’s your first or your 100th marathon. Make the training a connection to the personal reasons that brought you here. No one is forcing you to do this. Embrace failure (it will happen), grow through the struggle, and own the process.
Trust the Process, not just the pace âș While time goals are worthy and valid and marathon pace training is a key component to the puzzle, trusting the process is more important. Remember that training is about a multitude of stimuli; it is not about perfection. Hit the effort, learn from the session, donât obsess over splits. If you trust the process, you should hit the pace.
It is your race âș Focus on your progress and donât let other runners define you. Beating your friend or earning a BQ are legitimate goals. But if you focus only on those, youâll drain your joy, push too hard, or skip recovery. This is your experience, and nobody elseâs.
It is about consistency âș Consistency beats perfection every time. Miss a workout? Move forward. Focus on the next one. Flexibility is important, but donât mistake it for complacency. Obsessing over a missed long run is stressful and unproductive, especially if you did complete the other 14 of 16 in your program. Life happens.
Fueling for a marathon goes beyond race day (Image by Grok)
Fuel your body properly âș Running a marathon requires a ton of fuel, not just on race day, but throughout training. This is not the time to lose weight, try a new detox fad, or fear carbs. Make sure your body has enough energy to perform and repair, so you can keep moving forward.
Remain resilient through strength training âș Strength training supports running. It protects your muscles, improves durability, and reduces the risk of injury. What more do you need to be convinced? Donât think you can skip legs just because youâre already running. You donât want to find out why the hard way.
Respect and prioritize recovery as part of training âș Rest days and easier weeks bring adaptation. Fitness grows when training and recovery are combined. Massage and therapies are a waste if you donât prioritize sleep. Recovery gadgets are useless if you think they can replace the rest day you need. Be smart. You are not a machine. You are not indestructible.
Make sure to have fun âș As I said at the start, remember the reason you started. Donât let social pressures take over the fun and fulfillment of the journey. Donât be afraid to go easy on easy days. Run with friends and laugh. Give yourself permission for that post-run beer. Remember, your finish time is not what defines you as a human being.
Running a marathon is a formidable achievement. The 26.2 is a remarkable adversary. The challenge of training is what makes it special. So, be present, be purposeful, and above all, enjoy the process. Finishing a marathon is way more than an Instagram post showing a medal and a goofy smile.
Please share your thoughts on this subject in the comment box below.
As in every aspect of our functional lives, we pick up bad habits while running. Some are silly or quirky, while others derail important areas of our lives. They become unnoticeable the longer they remain unidentified, so we become immune to them.
Image by ChatGPT
Weâve heard about Major League pitchers getting drilled because a certain move telegraphs their next pitch; or public speakers who get stuck repeating verbal fillers as they deliver a speech; or job interviewees who undermine themselves by constantly apologizing before answering a question. Those are just bad habits, all of which can be overcome.
Runners are no different.
These are seven bad habits to consider and analyze whether they are sabotaging your progress as a runner.
1 â Diminishing your accomplishments: If you are training for a marathon, running âjust 10 miles todayâ is an easy day. But running 10 miles is running a lot of miles. Take your car and drive 10 miles from your house, and see how far it is and how long it takes. It is a matter of presentation. Be proud of your accomplishments, whether the medal is around your neck or you are training to earn it.
2 â Refusing to embrace rest: Working hard is essential to maximize your running potential. Recovering so your body can adapt to the stress of those hard workouts, so you can do it again and get better, is equally important. If you return to grinding while unrecovered, you will overwork an unprepared body and get injured. Never feel guilty for âexecutingâ your day off as written, or for taking an additional one when needed. Resting is not a sign of weakness, but of mental strength.
3 â Believing you are not a real runner: Do you run? Then you are a runner. You are not a marathoner if you donât complete a marathon, but there is no pre-qualification in terms of time or distance to define you as a runner. The only qualification needed is to run. So, stop feeling guilty because you think you are slow, or because you donât run what you feel like far enough, or because you take walking breaks. None of that matters. You run; you are a runner. Done!
You must ensure your body remains strong and resilient (Image by Grok)
4 â Comparing yourself to others: If youâve read my blog before, you have seen this one: Stop obsessing about what your friends are doing. Avoid overthinking what others share on Strava or Instagram. Donât worry about how fast your friend is running his mile reps. Worry about you, what you can do better, and how you can become the best runner you can be. That last sentence says âyouâ four times. It is on purpose, because your running is all about you.
5 â Running while injured: This is non-negotiable. If you are injured, you donât run. I am not talking about aches and pains, or little niggles here or there. I am talking injured. Not all injuries require a bone sticking out of your flesh. If you compensate your mechanics to avoid pain, you change not only the way the body was designed to move but also the way your body is used to move. This guarantees that something else will get out of whack. And then, instead of taking two or three days now, your body will force you to take two or three weeks (if not months) sometime later.
6 â Neglecting Cross Training: Running is a repetitive exercise. A high-impact sport. You wonât have to crash into a 300-lbs defensive lineman, but in a 10K, you are landing about 5000 times per leg at 3-5 times your body weight. Constant repetition leads to overuse, and overuse leads to injury. You must ensure your body remains strong and resilient. Strength training is key. You can also do other sports activities, such as yoga, cycling, or swimming, from time to time. This will provide physical gains without the pounding of running.
7 â Forgetting to have fun: Does your next mortgage payment depend on your next PR? Is the happiness of your marriage dependent on your invitation by Abbott to the next Marathon Major? Is next weekendâs race-pace effort the key to qualifying for the Olympic trials? Most likely no, no, and no. Understand why you run. Sure, some people run to get over a tragedy or to regain control of their health and lives. But most of us weekend warriors run because of the joy it brings us. The post-run high, the outdoors, the sense of freedom and accomplishment, or the social component. Never forget that. If you do, you are in for a short running career.
Running can be a lifelong sport if we diligently strive to do it right and remain injury-free. Donât overcomplicate it. You have plenty of worries in life to add running to the list. Especially since you are not a professional.
This past February 2nd, a controversy was sparked by an article that ran on the Runnerâs World website. It was an opinion piece by a writer named Cole Townsend (whom I donât know). The piece was titled: âYes, Itâs OK to Wear a Finisherâs Shirt for a Race You Didnât Finishâ. Hence, the rebuttal in the title of this blog post.
If you did not finish the London Marathon in 2025, you should not be wearing this shirt.
Townsend states things as: âI think we need to have an honest conversation about whoâs âallowedâ to buy finisher tees,â and âYour hard work doesnât disappear because mile 1 or mile 19 didnât happenâ.
These statements, just as the articleâs title, rubbed me the wrong way. Sure, everybody is entitled to their opinion. Sure, wearing a shirt that states you finished the Boston Marathon when you didnât is trivial compared with whatâs happening in Ukraine. Sure, you are not going to ponder what I may think when choosing your wardrobe. Yet, in my book, it is still not right.
Would you wear an Olympic medal you did not win around your neck, just because you own it? You can proudly display it at home, especially if a relative earned it. I display my dadâs marathon medals at home. But they are hung separately from my earned medals. They are my property, but not my achievements.
My beef with the entire affair is two-fold:
1 â How can an entity of Runnerâs World’s reputation think that publishing this was OK? I am all pro-First Amendment, but you are not obligated to provide a tribune to someone for just about anything, especially if it is unsound, which it should be for runners. Would you run a story advocating the superiority or inferiority of a certain race, or defending a flat earth, just because it is someoneâs opinion?
2 â The article, as the headline clearly states, talks about finisher shirts. A finisherâs shirt is earned when you finish a race, hence the name. Not when you register, not when your boyfriend crosses the finish line, not when you purchase it in a fire sale. This is not a participation trophy. This is between you and your conscience, sure, but in my book, it is still a lie.
I can’t believe Runner’s World ran this article.
Is it OK to wear a military uniform and let people assume you served your country? Would you walk through a mall wearing a priestâs cassock, or scrubs with a stethoscope draped over your shoulders? Exactly. And no, Iâm not comparing military service or serving God to finishing a marathon. Iâm pointing out something simpler: what you wear creates assumptions about who you are and what youâve done. Letting those assumptions stand when they arenât true is plain wrong.
There is a difference between a finisherâs shirt and a race or a souvenir shirt. If you ran London and brought me a hat, I would be grateful and wear it, even though I havenât run it. When I returned to road racing after a 26-year hiatus, I gave my race shirt to my dad as a tribute, since he inspired me to start running when I was a kid. He wore it proudly. But it only said â2012 Miami Marathon and Half Marathonâ; it didnât state he finished the race, even though he ran the distance hundreds of times.
The author concludes with this statement: âWe donât need to start a âstolen valorâ debate. What you wear should reflect what matters to youânot what the internet thinks you’re entitled to. If you care, flip the question: why are you wearing it? If the answer is âbecause it means something to me,â thatâs enough.â
This would be a logical conclusion if the article didnât state âFinisherâs Shirtâ. Thatâs where, in my opinion, both the writer and the Runnerâs World editors went terribly wrong.
Any thoughts? I really want to hear from runners who disagree with me. Please share in the comment box below.
A couple of weeks ago, a runner at the 19th mile of the Miami Marathon experienced cardiac arrest, and even though all safety protocols were followed and applied, he sadly passed. His name was Julien Autissier. He was just 33.
Unfortunately, these episodes continue to occur from time to time, and they cast a bad light on long-distance running. It really rubs me the wrong way because the media doesnât report that people donât just die from running. They usually die from a known or unknown condition that gets exacerbated while running. Or by disregarding basic safety protocols for hydration and/or heat safety during a run.
I wrote a blog post on cardiac health and running back in August 2021, triggered by a fatality in the Montreal Marathon. Today, after the unfortunate incident in Miami, I am rerunning an updated version.
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As athletes, especially runners, we are usually physically fit. It doesnât matter if you weigh 120 pounds and look like a Kenyan or if you are on the 250+ side of the scale with an overhanging gut. You can have an unhealthy body yet still be fit. And this doesnât mean you have a heart disease vaccine.
In the 1982 New York City Marathon, when my dad ran his first 26.2, a French runner collapsed and died. He saw it unfold as he passed by through the ruckus, which made it to the worldâs newspapers the next day. It must have been quite an impression on a 16-year-old kid; 44 years later, I am telling you the story.
Unfortunately, this latest case in Miami is one of the handful of cases each year in which someone goes out for a run and doesnât come back.
If the father of the first running boom in the United States is Frank Shorter, the Godfather is Jim Fixx, author of the mega 1977 bestseller âThe Complete Book of Runningâ. In a pre-Internet, pre-Google era, this book democratized access to knowledge about our sport, including its cardiovascular benefits. This guru went for a run on July 20, 1984, at age 52, and died of a fulminant heart attack. He was in great shape, but his autopsy revealed he had atherosclerosis, with one artery blocked 95%, a second 85%, and a third 70%. His father had died at age 43 of a second heart attack.
Born to run, by Christopher McDougall
If you read the blockbuster âBorn to Runâ, you should remember Micah True, also known as Caballo Blanco. Well, he collapsed and died in 2012 at age 58 while running alone on a trail in New Mexico. The cause was reported as an underlying cardiomyopathy and atherosclerosis, discovered post-mortem. His death exposed how even elite endurance athletes, regardless of how long theyâve been running, may carry unknown heart conditions.
One of the most active and fit guys you will ever meet is Dave McGillivray. You may know him as the Boston Marathon Race Director since 2001. His athletic accolades include running across the United States (3,452 miles) in 80 days, running the Boston Marathon every year since 1973, being a 9-time Hawaii Ironman finisher, and participating in 1000+ organized races. Yet, in October 2018, at age 63, he underwent triple bypass surgery. His family’s cardiac history was against him, regardless of how fit he was. He is one of the lucky ones who can tell his story.
These are just three relevant cases that show that being a fit runner doesnât necessarily mean you are cardiovascularly healthy. These two concepts are not necessarily inclusive.
And then, thereâs me. I wouldnât be honest with my readers if I did not include my personal cardiac experience in this writing. In 2019, during my yearly medical check-up, my doctor told me that even though a stress test wouldnât do much for me because I was a marathoner, I should do it anyway, âbecause you never knowâ. And guess what? You donât know. A congenital issue in my arteries was discovered. Unoxygenated blood was recirculating, bypassing the lungs, which created such stress for my heart that it could have provoked a heart attack. Then, on June 23, 2021, I underwent open-heart surgery to fix the issue. This âunneededâ stress test potentially saved my life. I have run 4000+ miles since, including 2 marathons and 13 halves.
I reran this updated blogpost today because Iâd rather have you in the Dave McGillvray and Coach Adolfo column than in the Jim Fixx or Micah True camp. I beg you to understand that, despite an active and healthy lifestyle, you are not immune to the genetics of your ancestors or the sequels from your unhealthy habits before your active life. Get checked up. Now! You never know. I am proof of it.
