Running, the Most Democratic Sport

Running, the Most Democratic Sport

By Coach Adolfo Salgueiro

I joke (partially) with my running buddies that the day I ran against Eliud Kipchoge in Berlin (2017), he needed a world record to beat me. Sure, I started in wave 4 and was 15 miles behind when he crossed the finish line, and while I certainly had no chance of beating him, the statement is still 100% true.

Running, the Most Democratic Sport
All you need is the will to go for a run. Everything else is additional (Image by Grok)

Consider this: what are your chances of standing in the huddle in a Super Bowl, strategizing the next play? When will you face Shohei Ohtani on an MLB field? How about your odds of standing with or against Lio Messi during the World Cup? Driving in an F1 Grand Prix? US Open. Golf or tennis?… Anyone?

But running is different. When the marathon’s 2-hour mark was broken, a runner I trained was there. When Kipchoge broke his last world record (Berlin 2022), another runner I trained was there. During the epic battle between Alberto Salazar and Rodolfo Gomez at the 1982 NYC Marathon, my dad was there. A close friend crossed the finish line in Boston, 10 minutes before the bombing. The last time the immortal Bill Rodgers won a marathon (Orange Bowl 1983), he had to beat me, too.

So, you get the point. Running is the most democratic of sports. The one with the most open access, equal opportunity to participate, low barriers of entry, and outcomes driven mostly by effort rather than status.

Remember dreaming of running, or lacing your shoes for the first time? Or how you felt after a long hiatus? Remember the struggle to finish that first long run? Have you checked the back of the packers at a race? Have you taken the time to watch the videos of the last finishers at a big-city marathon? Is there any other sport where regular people, even with a variety of disabilities, can beat the odds by finishing the biggest and most iconic races in the world?

Sure, only a selected few will run in the Olympics or the world championships, but even you, dear reader, can run the mythic Boston Marathon, even if you don’t qualify. We know you have a better chance of hitting the Powerball than the London Marathon Lottery, but the chance is there, and you still have charity entries. And if you are not into multitudinous mega races, there are local 5Ks everywhere, every week.

In his book “When Running Made History”, literature professor and former elite runner Roger Robinson said: “Being a runner (this sounds naive but isn’t) gives you direct and unfiltered access to all other runners. That’s one thing that makes running so remarkable; it is an intensely competitive sport that is also an egalitarian community. Just put your shorts and shoes on and if you’re fast enough, you can run with, befriend, and, if so inclined, interview the greatest celebrities on earth.”

Running, the Most Democratic Sport
In running, you will only get out what you put into it (Image by Grok)

Think about it: when it comes to running, you don’t need an opposing team or a field. Let alone a golf course. You don’t need a court, like tennis, basketball, or pickleball. You don’t even need a group of friends or a rival. All you need is the will to run. Everything else, everything, is extra.

You can run in the crappiest of shoes, or even barefoot. You can run in jeans and cotton socks if that is all you have. You don’t need a watch, you don’t need company, and you don’t need a dedicated surface or place. The comfort of a good pair of running shoes, a tech shirt/shorts, moisture-wicking socks, and a running path with good friends will surely make it more enjoyable, but as for requirements, none beyond your willingness to go out for a run.

Biologist and 2:22 marathoner Bernd Heinrich wrote in Why We Run: A Natural History: “Running is perhaps the most fundamental of all sports… it is the most democratic and most competitive of all sports because individual merit can prevail despite economic equality. It is a sport for everyone, the whole world over.”

Meritocracy in action. What a beautiful concept!

The great running author and philosopher George Sheehan said, “Life is a positive-sum game. Everyone from the gold medalist to the last finisher can rejoice in a personal victory.”

Fred Lebow, the father of the NYC Marathon, said, “In running, it doesn’t matter whether you come in first, in the middle of the pack, or last. You can say, ‘I have finished.'”

Beyond the health and social benefits, running is a sport where you can only get out as much as you put in. The one sport where we have the chance to participate in the biggest local, national, and international competitions. The one we can practice at a moment’s notice, just when we need it. Yes, need it. The one where the winner and the last one across the finish line get the same medal. The one where we can make friendships to last a lifetime.

Let’s go for a run, then. What are you waiting for?

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Adapt Your Running to the Summer

Adapt Your Running to the Summer

By Coach Adolfo Salgueiro

Last weekend gave us runners a preview of brutal summer weather in South Florida. It wasn’t as bad as mid-July, but in mid-May, it signaled what’s ahead. If you live in the Northern Hemisphere, expect this soon.

Adjusting your runner to summer
Hydrate, sure, but don’t overhydrate (Image by Grok)

The line between toughness and doing something stupid is very thin, and if you cross it, you can get seriously hurt. So, my yearly blog post urging runners to stay on top of their training during the summer has been forced to be published earlier than expected.

Adjust your training and expectations for survival, not just performance. Heat injuries can permanently impact your health and your running future.

Here are five adjustments for safe training during the summer.

1 – Know what’s happening – You can’t fight the weather; you can only adjust for safe running. Two basic things occur:

1A – When air turns humid, it feels thicker, making each run more effortful. Running at the same speed takes more work.

1B – The second one is basic biology: The human body cools off by sweating, and the blood is about 92% water. The more you sweat without replenishing fluids, the more water gets sucked out of your bloodstream, and the thicker the blood becomes, the more difficult it is to circulate. This spells deep trouble.

2 – Adjust your running time – If the brutal summer is an unavoidable part of your home zip code, your options for outdoor running are reduced to: A- adjusting to run in the heat/humidity, or B- not running at all. If you choose A, you must do so at the coolest time possible, when it is gentler to the body. The basic choices are before sunrise or after sunset. Wake up earlier or wait until later. If you can’t, there is always a frightening Option C: The dreaded treadmill.

A good hack is to keep a running shirt and hat in the freezer and put them on right before you hit the road. This will cool your core and provide you with a few comfortable initial miles before the inevitable sets in.

3 – Slow your pace – Do you know why mainstream races take place in the fall or the spring? Who wants their goal race in the thick of a scorching summer? This is the time to get ready for the upcoming season; the time to tackle strength training and base building. The latter is achieved by running at a lower effort level, regardless of speed. Your fall and spring PRs are built during the summer. Don’t worry about what “the fast” people may think. Stop posting on Instagram if your followers’ opinions matter.

4 – Overhydration is a real danger – Your body is designed to lose fluids as you run, without replenishing every single drop of sweat. So, don’t fall into the temptation of overindulging in water or sports drinks. Hyponatremia is a serious condition that happens when too much fluid is ingested, diluting your sodium levels to the point that it may cause seizures, coma, and even death.

Hydration is not just about what you consume while running. Hydration is a 24/7 habit that has you ready to go by the time you press start in your GPS watch.

For more on hyponatremia, I invite you to read the Cleveland Clinic’s website on this serious condition.

Training Adjustments for the Summer Months
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5 – Beware of the signs – The challenges of summer running go beyond training earlier, later, or slower. Heat exhaustion and heat stroke are among the most serious dangers in inhospitable climates. It’s each runner’s responsibility to recognize the symptoms and adjust before it becomes a 911 call. With luck, a mishap may keep you out for a few weeks; without it, it could kill you. In a previous post, I wrote about heat exhaustion and heat stroke. I invite you to revisit it by clicking here.

In Conclusion

There are no medals or podiums during training. Be smart and remember you are only getting ready for next season.

Running in heat and humidity is doable if you prepare properly. Never lose sight of the fact that you need to live to run another day. As stated earlier, the line between toughness and doing something stupid is very thin, and if you cross it, you may get seriously hurt.

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A Reflection on the Sub-2 Marathon

A Reflection on the Sub-2 Marathon

By Coach Adolfo Salgueiro

If you have any interest in the sport of running, you already know the mythical 2-hour barrier for the marathon has fallen. As this blog is not for news reporting, and this happened barely 36 hours before this writing, I want to share a reflection and perspective on what these results at the London Marathon mean for our sport.

Reflections on the sub-2 marathon
Sure, super shoes help, but they are not what make Sebastian Sawe an elite runner (From RW Instagram feed)

When I ran my first marathon in 1983, the world record was 2:08:34 (Derek Clayton, 1969). Then, it started falling little by little. First by a few seconds, then surprisingly faster. As it approached the 2-hour mark, Nike put on the Eliud Kipchoge show in 2019, where he ran 1:59:40. Sure, it wasn’t official, and it wasn’t supposed to be. But it proved that a sub-2 was physiologically possible. And now it has happened in competition.

Was it the Super shoes?

Some would like to think that with shoes acting like springs, these new records mean nothing. As a purist, I would love to think that too, but we live in a world where progress, innovation, and new technologies are an intrinsic part of our lives, and we must accept it. If we didn’t, Formula One races would be on horseback, the Tour de France would be on bikes with no gears and iron frames, and running shoes would still be made of leather. The regulatory entities have taken measures to ensure certain basic conditions are met, so it is not a free-for-all. It is a step in the right direction, so we may avoid grey areas bordering cheating.

We must understand that super shoes will not make you, or me, a world-record contender. These runners are the best the world has ever seen. These shoes only provide the edge they need to get that little extra that puts them within the realm of possibility. They were already great runners before they tied those $500 Adidas at the start of the 2026 London Marathon.

What’s next?

Back in May 1954, Roger Bannister ran the first sub-4-minute mile. It was a matter of time before he, Wes Santee, or John Landy got there. Bannister did it first. And once it was proven physiologically possible, the sub-4s started piling up. Landy shaved 1.4 seconds off Bannister’s record just 6 weeks later. And two months later, he lowered it again. 72 years later, over 1700 runners have gone sub-4. Still an elite group, but not that exclusive.

Why am I bringing this up? Because it has now been proven possible, expect the record set by Sebastian Sawe to fall again shortly and often. Just as Bannister, Sawe will always be remembered as the first. He is the Neil Armstrong of the Sub-2. Yomif Kejelcha made his marathon debut going sub-2, but 11 seconds behind, so he will always be the Buzz Aldrin of the sub-2. Impressive achievement, but not the first. This will not be an unbeatable record. Quite the contrary, it just established a new benchmark from where to keep improving.

I venture to predict that by the end of the year, after marathons like Valencia or Chicago, the record will fall again. And by the end of 2027, there will be 5 to 10 runners under 2.

Boston: Nike Sign Controversy

Since I am reflecting on recent events at Marathon Majors, I want to chime in on the Nike fiasco at the recent Boston Marathon. For those who don’t know, Nike set up a huge sign stating “Runners Welcome. Walkers Tolerated”, which sparked severe backlash and was quickly removed.

This is the controversial sign placed by Nike in Boston during Marathon week.

Was it insensitive? Was it stupid? Did Nike assume responsibility? Can you do something about it if you were offended? Yes, yes, yes, and yes.

First: No race states that you can’t walk. Until then, walk all you want. Orlando Pizzolato won the NYC Marathon in 1984 and walked. Nobody cried foul. Gelindo Bordin slowed down, walked, and was not stripped of his Olympic marathon gold medal in 1988. Want to walk? Walk! And don’t give a s*#% about what Nike has to say about it.

What really bothered me about this fiasco was the “offended professionals” taking it to social media. Those who enjoy feeling upset on your behalf so they can feel morally superior as they fight for “what’s right”. Most of those calling for the pitchforks had no stake in running, Boston, or Nike.

Just like you and me, Nike is protected by the First Amendment to make as many stupid statements as they please. Offended? Act. Don’t purchase a Nike product ever again. Show up at their headquarters in Beaverton and picket. A friend of mine didn’t like it and sold her Nike stock. She didn’t pout on Instagram; she took a stand.

Conclusion: Feel offended? Act or shut up! Pouting on social media is not taking action.

Please share your thoughts in the comment box below.

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Dr. Sheehan’s 3 Phases of the Athletic Journey

Dr. Sheehan’s 3 Phases of the Athletic Journey

By Coach Adolfo Salgueiro

I was recently reading a book by an author I’ve known for years, yet somehow never truly delved beyond his famous running quotes and the occasional column: Dr. George Sheehan.

The 3 Phases of Running: Train, Race, Reflect for Growth
Personal Best by Dr. George Sheehan

Dr. Sheehan was a physician, but his legacy lives on in running. A passionate marathoner and prolific writer, he captured the soul of the sport through his columns and books. He did not just write about miles, but about purpose, identity, and the human spirit. His words helped generations of runners live training not as exercise, but as a path to self-discovery.

Despite passing away in 1993, his legacy as one of the most influential running writers ever is undeniable. He wrote 12 books, starting in 1972.

A chapter from “Personal Best,” published in 1989, caught my attention because it proposes segmenting our athletic experience. Even though it is nothing revolutionary, stating the obvious reveals its genius.

The original text reads:

“The athletic experience can be divided into three parts. One is the preparation, the training of the body. Two is the event, the challenging of the self. And three, is the aftermath. And for the runner, the ultimate athletic experience is the marathon. It takes training and challenging and creating to the absolute limits.”

In 54 powerful words, we are invited to deconstruct our running lives and turn it into a rewarding yet challenging process for exploring our limits.

Let’s break it down so we can squeeze every morsel of our athletic journey.

1 – TRAINING OF THE BODY

While we may certainly enjoy better PRs in our favorite distances, we can choose from two approaches. Running ourselves to the ground and having a short career or taking the time to prepare so our body can be strong, resilient, and injury-resistant.

Living for the challenge of competition and craving the adrenaline rush of finish lines are part of the allure of the journey. Sheehan once said, “Racing is the lovemaking for the runner. It is hard to pass up”. And I agree. But to keep doing it constantly, year after year, we must teach the body.

It takes time, planning, and execution. It is a long road with no shortcuts. So, we’d better be smart and make the process enjoyable, or we won’t last the distance.

2 – CHALLENGE OF THE SELF

Ok. Here it is: The challenge. For us runners, it is usually racing, but it could be whatever gets your endorphins going. This is your personal journey. It may be breaking 20 or 30 in the 5K; or how far you can go before collapsing. The point is that you are in charge. You can’t run to fulfill someone else’s dream.

For Dr. Sheehan, the epitome of this challenge is the marathon: “The marathon fills our subconscious with this gospel. Taking a well-trained body through a grueling 26.2-mile race does immeasurably more for the self-concept and self-esteem than years with the best psychiatrist.”

The challenge of the self is an ever-changing target. Every success should create a new goal. Every failure (and they will happen) should trigger a reevaluation of the processes or even the goals. The challenge of the self is the most rewarding part of the journey.

The 3 Phases of Running: Train, Race, Reflect for Growth
Enjoying the process will be more rewarding than a wall full of medals, but if you play it smart, you can have both (ChatGPT Image)

3 – THE AFTERMATH

Every running cycle, every accomplished goal, every medal displayed on your wall, every PR, every time we fell short, or every time we just had fun with our friends is an opportunity to reap rewards from our efforts. And the more prepared you are for the journey, the longer and more enjoyable it will be.

In the same writing that gave birth to this blog post, Dr. Sheehan states: “The long-distance race is a struggle that results in self-discovery. It is an adventure into the limits of the self, representing for runners what has been called the moral equivalent of war—a theater for heroism, where the runner can do deeds of daring and greatness.”

My takeaway is that running can be a worthwhile, ever-changing journey if you allow it to be. But you must be purposeful and flexible, especially as you achieve your goals and pursue new ones as you get older. Enjoying the process will be more rewarding than a wall full of medals, but if you play it smart, you can have both.

Please let me know your thoughts in the comment box below.

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A Few Pointers for Marathon Training Season

A Few Pointers for Marathon Training Season

By Coach Adolfo Salgueiro

As marathon training season arrives, you may be gearing up for the autumn Marathon Majors. Or perhaps you’ve chosen a less hyped, but equally fulfilling, 26.2. So, I invite you to reflect: why do you subject yourself to this fun—yet masochistic—activity? For 99% of the world’s population, it’s the equivalent of self-flagellation.

Running a marathon is way more than an instagram post iwth a medal and a goofy smile (Image bu Grok)
Running a marathon is way more than an Instagram post with a medal and a goofy smile (Image by Grok)

Some run a marathon to challenge their limits. Others just for bragging rights. Some want to fulfill a personal journey: 6-Star, 50 States, or something only you know. Regardless of your reason, it won’t define your legacy, affect your paycheck, or change the respect of your loved ones. Keep it in perspective. Enjoy the process. Suffer through with a smile. Embrace the suck.

Enjoying the process so you avoid burnout is the key to any successful marathon training cycle. Sure, it will be hard, and at some point, you will suffer. Absolutely, you will have to sacrifice certain events because you must train the next day. It is a given that something will eventually hurt. And somewhere during the process, you will question your sanity. But it won’t be a fulfilling process if you burn out. If you do, it will be miserable. Not worth pursuing and easily abandoned. So, let’s avoid that. Here’s how?

Remember why you started â–ș This is a personal journey, whether it’s your first or your 100th marathon. Make the training a connection to the personal reasons that brought you here. No one is forcing you to do this. Embrace failure (it will happen), grow through the struggle, and own the process.

Trust the Process, not just the pace â–ș While time goals are worthy and valid and marathon pace training is a key component to the puzzle, trusting the process is more important. Remember that training is about a multitude of stimuli; it is not about perfection. Hit the effort, learn from the session, don’t obsess over splits. If you trust the process, you should hit the pace.

It is your race â–ș Focus on your progress and don’t let other runners define you. Beating your friend or earning a BQ are legitimate goals. But if you focus only on those, you’ll drain your joy, push too hard, or skip recovery. This is your experience, and nobody else’s.

It is about consistency â–ș Consistency beats perfection every time. Miss a workout? Move forward. Focus on the next one. Flexibility is important, but don’t mistake it for complacency. Obsessing over a missed long run is stressful and unproductive, especially if you did complete the other 14 of 16 in your program. Life happens.

Fueling for a marathon goes beyond race day (Image by Grok)
Fueling for a marathon goes beyond race day (Image by Grok)

Fuel your body properly â–ș Running a marathon requires a ton of fuel, not just on race day, but throughout training. This is not the time to lose weight, try a new detox fad, or fear carbs. Make sure your body has enough energy to perform and repair, so you can keep moving forward.

Remain resilient through strength training â–ș Strength training supports running. It protects your muscles, improves durability, and reduces the risk of injury. What more do you need to be convinced? Don’t think you can skip legs just because you’re already running. You don’t want to find out why the hard way.

Respect and prioritize recovery as part of training â–ș Rest days and easier weeks bring adaptation. Fitness grows when training and recovery are combined. Massage and therapies are a waste if you don’t prioritize sleep. Recovery gadgets are useless if you think they can replace the rest day you need. Be smart. You are not a machine. You are not indestructible.

Make sure to have fun â–ș As I said at the start, remember the reason you started. Don’t let social pressures take over the fun and fulfillment of the journey. Don’t be afraid to go easy on easy days. Run with friends and laugh. Give yourself permission for that post-run beer. Remember, your finish time is not what defines you as a human being.

Running a marathon is a formidable achievement. The 26.2 is a remarkable adversary. The challenge of training is what makes it special. So, be present, be purposeful, and above all, enjoy the process. Finishing a marathon is way more than an Instagram post showing a medal and a goofy smile.

Please share your thoughts on this subject in the comment box below.

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